What is an Underbite?
When the lower teeth overlap the upper teeth, this is known as an underbite. This malocclusion issue often causes the lower jaw to protrude beyond the upper jaw. In addition to the cosmetic issues that an underbite presents, it can also negatively impact an individual’s ability to chew and speak properly. Additionally, an underbite can cause problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and create pain in the jaw, head, and neck regions.
There are different types of underbites that an individual may experience, including skeletal underbites, dental underbites, and a combination of both. A skeletal underbite occurs when the size of the lower jaw is larger than the upper jaw, while a dental underbite occurs when the placement of the teeth causes the underbite. Determining the type of underbite that an individual has is crucial in devising a proper treatment plan.
If you suspect that you have an underbite, it is important to visit an experienced orthodontist. Orthodontists specialize in the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of misaligned teeth and jaws. A thorough examination may require X-rays and other diagnostic tools to assess the severity and type of underbite present. Based on the findings, the orthodontist will be able to recommend the best course of treatment for the specific situation.
Causes of Underbite
Underbites are a common dental problem in which the lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth. This can cause not only aesthetic concerns but also issues with chewing and speech. Understanding the causes of underbite can help you take preventive measures to avoid them or seek treatment if necessary. Here are the common causes of underbite:
Genetics
Genetics plays a significant role in underbites, and it often runs in families. If your parents or siblings have underbites, you’re more likely to develop it. This is because the lower jawbone grows faster than the upper jawbone, causing the lower teeth to protrude beyond the upper teeth. In some cases, an inherited small chin or a large lower jaw can also contribute to underbite.
Jaw Injuries
Jaw injuries, such as a fracture or dislocation, can change the alignment of the jaws and cause an underbite. Trauma during birth or infancy, such as forceps delivery, can also affect jaw development and lead to underbite later in life. Additionally, sports injuries or accidents can cause damage to the jawbone, leading to an underbite.
Thumb-Sucking Habits
Thumb-sucking, pacifier use or oral habits in children can also cause an underbite. Sucking on thumbs or pacifiers can cause pressure on the front teeth and affect the development of the jawbones and dental arches. If the habit persists beyond the age of 3, it can lead to permanent changes in the mouth, including an underbite.
If you’ve been underbites are causing discomfort or affecting your quality of life, you should seek treatment from a qualified orthodontist.
Treatment Options
An underbite occurs when the lower jaw protrudes further than the upper jaw. It typically leads to difficulty biting and chewing, speech difficulties, and self-consciousness. Fortunately, several treatment options are available for individuals suffering from an underbite. Below are the most common treatments:
Braces
Braces are the most common treatment for an underbite. Braces exert constant pressure on the teeth, encouraging them to move into the proper position. Patients typically need to wear braces for one to three years to correct an underbite. The length of treatment varies based on the severity of the underbite and the patient’s oral health. Patients must wear retainers after treatment to keep their teeth in the correct position.
Headgear
Headgear is often used in conjunction with braces to treat underbite. The headgear attaches to the braces and uses pressure to move the teeth and jaw into the correct position. Patients typically need to wear headgear for 12-14 hours each day, or as recommended by their orthodontist. Headgear is often used for six to 18 months, depending on the severity of the underbite.
Surgery
Surgery is often necessary for severe cases of underbite. Orthognathic surgery involves moving the jawbone forward or backward to correct the alignment. Surgeons perform the surgery under general anesthesia and use plates and screws to secure the jawbone in the correct position. Patients can expect to wear braces before and after the surgery and follow a strict diet during the recovery period. Orthognathic surgery is a complex procedure that requires an experienced surgeon.
Invisalign
Invisalign uses clear plastic aligners to move the teeth into the correct position. Like braces, the aligners exert constant pressure on the teeth to encourage movement. Patients receive a new set of aligners every two weeks until their treatment is complete. Invisalign is a popular treatment option for adults who do not want to wear traditional metal braces. The length of treatment varies based on the severity of the underbite and the patient’s oral health.
It is important to consult a dental professional to determine the best treatment plan for an underbite. Orthodontists and oral surgeons work together to create a personalized plan for each individual based on their specific needs.
Braces for Underbite
If your underbite is caused by misaligned teeth, braces may be recommended as a treatment option. Braces work by gradually shifting the teeth into the correct position to fix the underbite. The process usually takes around one to three years, depending on the severity of the underbite.
Braces can be used on both adults and children, but the best results are often achieved when the patient is still growing. If the underbite has already caused damage to the jawbone, braces may not be enough to fix the problem. In serious cases, surgery may be required in addition to braces.
Traditional metal braces are the most common form of braces used to fix an underbite. These braces consist of metal brackets that are attached to the teeth and connected by wires. Over time, the wires are tightened, putting pressure on the teeth to move them into the correct position.
Clear braces, also known as ceramic braces, are another option for those who want a more discreet treatment option. These braces work in the same way as traditional metal braces, but the brackets are made of clear or tooth-colored materials, making them less noticeable. Clear braces may be more expensive than metal braces, and they require more careful maintenance to prevent discoloration.
Invisalign is a popular alternative to traditional braces for fixing underbites. These clear aligners are custom-made for each patient and are worn over the teeth like a mouth guard. Each set of aligners is worn for two weeks before being replaced with a new set that gradually shifts the teeth into the correct position. Invisalign is often more expensive than braces and requires strict adherence to wearing the aligners for 22-24 hours a day.
It’s important to note that braces may not be the best treatment option for everyone, and a consultation with an orthodontist is necessary to determine the best course of action. Your orthodontist will evaluate your specific case and recommend the best treatment option for you.
Preventing Future Underbites
An underbite, also known as a Class III malocclusion, can cause various dental and functional problems. If you or someone you know has an underbite, it’s important to know how to prevent future complications and avoid the need for extensive medical treatment.
Early Orthodontic Treatment
The earlier an underbite is detected, the better the chances of successful treatment. Children should have their first orthodontic check-up by age 7 to monitor their dental development and identify any potential issues. In some cases, early orthodontic treatment may be recommended to correct an underbite before it worsens and requires more complex treatment. Early intervention can involve the use of orthodontic appliances or braces to shift the teeth and jaw into the proper position.
Mouthguards During Sports
Sports-related injuries are a common cause of underbites. Wearing a custom mouthguard can help protect the teeth and jaw from impact and prevent misaligned teeth. They also can help limit the damage caused if a tooth is knocked out, chipped, or fractured.
Avoiding Thumb-Sucking
Thumb-sucking or pacifier use beyond the age of 3 can cause an underbite to form. This occurs when the pressure of the thumb or pacifier affects the growth and development of the jaw and teeth. If thumb-sucking is a habit, try to encourage the child to stop or seek professional help if needed. Breaking the habit early can prevent future dental problems.
Good Oral Hygiene
Good oral hygiene is essential to prevent tooth decay and gum disease, which can contribute to an underbite. Brushing and flossing twice daily can help keep the teeth and gums healthy, reducing the risk of complications that may require surgical intervention. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings can also detect any dental issues early, before they become more severe and require extensive treatment.
Proper Nutrition
Nutrition plays a significant role in the development of the jaw and teeth, and an inadequate diet can lead to underbites. Eating a balanced diet rich in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins A, C, and D helps maintain healthy teeth and promote proper growth and development. Avoiding consuming sugary and acidic foods and drinks can also reduce the risk of cavities and tooth decay that can contribute to an underbite.
Conclusion
Although some underbites are caused by genetics or cannot be prevented, these tips can help reduce the risk of future underbites. By taking proactive steps to protect the teeth and jaw and maintaining good oral hygiene and proper nutrition, you can help ensure healthy, beautiful teeth and a well-aligned bite.
